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A
New Norton Critical Edition
The
Realism of
the Wild Duck
The
Complete Text of
Love's Comedy
Ibsen Chronology
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"Though Ibsen's plays challenge our notions of naturalist theater
they have proved their success with the public. They are invitations
to imaginative exploration, mysterious and exhilarating journeys
to destinations our theater still has to discover."
- Brian Johnston
Ibsen, Vol. III: Four Plays |
Ibsen Voyages
with Brian Johnston
Ibsen is the creator of superb aesthetic structures - works of
dramatic art that are fulfilled in theatric performance. In The Ibsen
Cycle, I claim the twelve Realist plays (from Pillars Of Society
to When We Dead Awaken) form a single tri-partite
Cycle a sequence with, in Ibsen's words, "mutual connections
between the plays," best experienced in the order in which they were
written. . George Bernard Shaw long ago pleaded: "The plays should,
like Wagner's Ring, be performed in cycles." This could be a project
for an Ibsen theatre: maybe with four plays each year from each of the
Cycle's three groups, like the classic Athenian tetralogies, the Shakespeare
History Cycles or Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle. It could prove fascinating
to see how the Cycle's repertory of actors evolves with its evolving dialectic:
how characters, scenes, actions and images repeat themselves like variations
on musical themes. Establishing the scale and complexity of this
achievement should be a primary goal of Ibsen interpreters and a great
source of pleasure for Ibsen aficionados. Above all, it will bequeath
to the theatre a rich and magnificent art work for endless exploration.
An Ibsen on this scale initially
might be dismaying to many
who prefer an artist amenable to more modest theatric and academic agendas.
But if no attempt is made to grasp Ibsen's overall intention we will be
unable to fathom what he intends by the individual elements of his artistry.
The whole is not only the sum of its parts: the parts cannot fully be
understood without seeing their purpose in the whole design.
We have Ibsen's own insistence on this in 1898, at the end of his career.
"Only by grasping and comprehending my entire production as a continuous
and coherent whole will the reader be able to receive the precise impression
I sought to convey in the individual parts of it." It
is astonishing to what extent those who claim to interpret Ibsen simply
ignore this injunction. By doing so, they betray his legacy.
Every major artist or thinker is doomed to become the hunting ground for
innumerable personal academic hobbies, ideologies and special interests
determined to distort and torture the work to fit the interpreter's limiting
agenda. However, until we establish the nature and scale of Ibsen's
work these fragmentary raids upon the whole structure seriously prevent
our seeing it truly and seeing it whole. I believe the Realist Cycle
needs to be seen on just the scale Ibsen is claiming, as the most ambitious
of Modernist projects. That will the intention behind my interpretation
of his Realist Cycle.
Establishing an awareness of the twelve-play structure
as, in Ibsen's own words (mostly
disregarded)
"a Cycle" with "mutual connection between the plays"
that should be experienced "in the order in which they were written"
requires a collaborative effort. I believe there is a rich and wide-ranging
'Supertext' of cultural reference on which the plays draw, providing the
source of their audacious metaphors, which scholarship needs to bring
to light. Exploring this supertext and its metamorphoses in the individual
plays, offers Ibsen's admirers one of the most rewarding and adventurous
imaginative voyages on which interpretation can embark.
  THE NEW IBSEN COURSE
IbsenVoyages.com
will be offer a 'course' on Ibsen, Romanticism to Realism, tracing
the emergence of Ibsen's modern drama from Romantic literature and
thought. It will follow the evolution of Ibsen's dramatic art from
the 'middle-period' plays, Brand, Peer Gynt and Emperor
and Galilean to the great 12-play Realist Cycle, Pillars
of Society (1877) to When We Dead Awaken (1899).
Although the course was designed for a Carnegie Mellon University
graduate drama class, the course syllabus, reading list and all
class material is freely available to Ibsen enthusiasts and drama
devotees. Though you are encouraged to follow the material in the
order it was presented to the CMU students, online surveyors of
the course can jump in on whichever lectures interest them. The
material of the course will change over time as new information,
refinements and corrections of the text are added.
Ibsen
Voyages - with Brian Johnston
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